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The
Indies or
East Indies (or
East India) is a term often used to refer to the islands of SE
Asia, especially the
Malay Archipelago.Oxford Dictionary of English 2e, Oxford University Press, 2003,
"East Indies/East India" Britannica.com
"East Indies" In a wider sense, the Indies is also used to describe lands of South Asia and Southeast Asia AsiaOxford Dictionary of English 2e, Oxford University Press, 2003, East Indies/East India, occupying all of the former British Raj, the present
Indian Union, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, the
Maldives, and also
Thailand,
Malaysia and Indonesia, which was last called the Dutch East Indies before independence.
The East Indies may also include
Indochina, the
Philippine Islands, Brunei,
Singapore and
East Timor. It does not, however, include western New Guinea (West Papua), which is part of Melanesia.
The inhabitants of the East Indies are sometimes called East Indians, distinguishing them both from inhabitants of the Caribbean which is also called the "West Indies," and from the
indigenous peoples of the Americas who are often called "American Indians." (In North America however, the term East Indian may be used for people originating India living in North America.) However, the peoples of the East Indies comprise a wide variety of cultural diversity, and the inhabitants do not consider themselves as belonging to a single
ethnic group. Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam are the most popular major world religions throughout the region, while
Christianity,
Sikhism, Jainism and various other traditional beliefs and practices are also prominent in some areas. The major languages in this area draw from a wide variety of
language families, and should not be confused with the term
Indo-Aryan languages, which refers only to a group of Indo-European languages from South Asia.
The extensive East Indies are subdivided into two sections (from a European perspective), archaically called Hither India and Further India. The first is the former British India, the second is modern Southeast Asia or the ASEAN Bloc.
Regions of the East Indies are sometimes known by the colonial empire they once belonged to, hence,
British East Indies refers to
Malaysia, the
Dutch East Indies means Indonesia, and Spanish East Indies means the Philippines.
History
Exploration of these regions by Europe powers first began in the late 15th century and early 16th century, led by the Portugal
explorers. These regions became important sources of trading goods, particularly
cotton,
Indigo dye and spices after the establishment of European trading companies designed for the specific purpose: the British East India Company and Dutch East India Company, among others, in the 17th century.
The New World was initially thought to be the easternmost part of the
Indies by explorer Christopher Columbus, who had grossly underestimated the westerly distance from Europe to Asia. Later, to avoid confusion, the New World came to be called the "
West Indies", whilst the original Indies came to be called the "East Indies".
The racial designation
East Indian was once primarily used to describe people of all of the East Indies, but more recently it is been used widely in the US and Canada as a more precise version of an Indian from India, to avoid the potential confusion from the term Indigenous peoples of the Americas (alternately: Native Americans) who where once simply referred to as
Indians (see the Native American name controversy for more information).
Asian Indian is a similar alternative term although it is more indicative of the ethnicity of people living in
South Asia.
East Indian is also a designation for an ethnic or sub-ethnic group, based in and around the city of Bombay or Mumbai. These people, part of the original Konkani people ethnic group, had been Evangelism under Portugal auspices, and had partly lusitanic. Later, the area was conquered by the Maratha Empire, and the
Marathi language was adopted by the people. Under British rule, they were known as Bombay Portuguese, but, when immigrants from Portuguese-ruled Goa began to enter Bombay, in order to distinguish themselves from the Goans (whom the British also called Portuguese), they renamed themselves "
East Indians (ethnic group)", purportedly after the British East India Company, in order to demonstrate their loyalty to the British, and as locals of Bombay as distinguished from the Goans.
See also
References